NFU Sugar Board Chair Michael Sly said the technologies should be viewed with optimism, after a year in which a catalogue of extreme weather was capped by the emergence of beet moth.
East Anglia Regional Director Zoe Leach reiterated the timeliness of the Bill, while Dr Penny Hundleby, of the John Innes Centre, underlined the similarities between GE and traditional breeding techniques – and the differences.
Both produce traits that could have occurred naturally, she stressed – unlike ‘GM’ which results in DNA being moved from other species – but GE can do this much quicker than traditional breeding.
Speeding the pipeline
“With some of the challenges we are facing, opportunities to speed up the pipeline would be desirable,” she said.
“GE allows us to go in and make exactly the changes we want.”
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“GE can do in a matter of months what might otherwise take many years.”
Dr Penny Hundleby, Senior Scientist, John Innes Centre
Professor Mark Stevens, Head of Science at the BBRO (British Beet Research Organisation) weighed up potential targets for GE in beet, with nutrient-use efficiency, beet sweetness and structure for processing, climate resilience, bolting and flowering susceptibility, root rots and seedling disease resistance all areas of interest.
Then, of course, there was virus yellows. While traditional breeding had a good record in beet, he said some challenges, virus yellows included, were likely to prove more difficult.
“The ability to use gene editing in the future is potentially a way of solving them in a different way,” he suggested.
The forthcoming legislation and wider acceptance would be key, he added, noting that, using GM techniques that are prohibited here, he “had solved” both virus yellows and beet mould yellowing virus some 23 years ago.
Prof. Stevens said that one route to tackle virus yellows using GE might be to combine further information about aphid genomes alongside the sugar beet genome, mapped in 2013.
“It’s knowing which genes to edit,” he noted.
Capacity, but a caveat
Stefan Meldau, R&D Lead in Biotic Stress at KWS, outlined the commercial realities of GE for seed breeders in the UK and EU.
He said KWS had “immediate capacity” to implement GE methods once a legislative framework was in place. However, his optimism was mixed with pragmatism and EU legislation was a factor. The necessary food and feed derogation to allow exports of goods using UK sugar produced using GE as an ingredient could take six years and cost €10-15 million, he said, which had implications for the business case.
British Sugar’s Daniel Green joined a panel discussion that offered reassurances on the safety of GE and urged delegates to become advocates for the technology to help foster a positive public outlook.
The panel considered how GE might help to deliver the ambition of a net zero sector by 2040 and Mr Green gave attendees a first look at GE research already being undertaken at British Sugar, in partnership with Tropic Biosciences, with virus yellows the “first target”.
Meet the speakers from this session
Michael Sly
NFU Sugar Board chair
The farms grow wheat, spring barley, sugar beet, spring beans, oilseed rape, marrowfat peas and condiment mustard. They are part of the RSPB’s Farmland Bird Friendly Zone, which now covers more than 4000 hectares and landscape scale benefits covering 230km sq. Also with fellow mustard growers, they are working on a landscape scale bee and pollinator project with Unilever.
Michael has also served as NFU county chair and the council delegate for Cambridgeshire, the most farmed county in the UK, chairing the East Anglian regional board for four years, as well serving as chair of the NFU Audit committee.
Michael is chair of the North Level District Internal Drainage Board, serving 34,000 hectares. He spent 10 years on the Anglian Northern Regional Flood and Coastal Committee. He is currently chair of the English Mustard Growers and vice chair of Condimentum LTD for the milling of mustard seeds and processing mint leaf in Norwich, working with Unilever’s Colman’s brand.
Dr Penny Hundleby
Senior Scientist, John Innes Centre
While Penny’s work uses these technologies to support UK and International research as an enabling technology, to better understand the function of genes, she has followed the wider debate on biotech food.
Penny’s interest in regulatory oversight started during her involvement in an EU project that aimed to produce a therapeutic protein in plants and take it through to Phase 1 clinical trials. Penny’s role was to assess the biosafety and regulatory implications surrounding this emerging technology.
More recently Penny has been involved in following the New Genetic Technologies (Precision Breeding) Bill currently passing through parliament. This change in legislation is enabling researchers to carryout field trials of gene edited crops more easily, and will be needed to allow gene edited crops to be grown commercially in this country.
Penny is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology (FRSB), an Honorary lecturer at the University of East Anglia, Associate Fellow Higher Education (AFHE), Chartered Scientist (CSci) and a Director for the International Society for Plant Molecular Farming (ISPMF).
Professor Mark Stevens
Head of Science, British Beet Research Organisation
He works closely with the sugar beet industry via his role within the BBRO to ensure appropriate R&D to maximise the future potential of the sugar beet crop- including exploration of the opportunities presented by Gene Editing.
In 2019, he was awarded an Honorary Professorship in Plant Virology from the University of Nottingham.
Stefan Meldau
R&D Group Lead: Biotic Stress, KWS
Over the last 10 years he has held various positions within the business and has a wealth of knowledge which spans the sector. The Biotic Stress R&D Group explore disease and pest resistance solutions, utilising state of the art technologies such as genome editing to support breeding and product development.
Daniel Green
Agriculture Director, British Sugar
A Graduate in Chemical Engineering, he was previously Site Manager at Cantley Sugar Factory.
Dr Zoe Leach
NFU East Anglia Regional Director
Zoe will be a familiar face to many farmers in her previous role as chief executive of the NPA, the trade association for British commercial pig producers.
Zoe, who worked at the NPA under her maiden name of Davies, has extensive experience within the agricultural industry. Between 1995 and 1998 she completed a PHD in pig welfare at the University of Reading, studying the welfare implications of outdoor pig breeding systems.
She then spent three years as farms and trials manager for BQP, including running a pig farm in Suffolk, before she joined Defra in 2002 as senior scientific officer, leading its livestock science unit.
She was appointed general manager of the NPA in 2008 and became its first chief executive in 2014.
Zoe said: “East Anglia is a large pig producing area so I am fortunate to have a lot of great contacts already, but I am also focussed on getting to grips with the myriad of other businesses in the region, understanding the key issues and supporting all members to the best of my ability.”